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Saatempfehlung
Growing guidelines
Tickseed/Dyer's coreopsis, Coreopsis tinctoria
annual | |
height | 50-80cm |
spacing | ca. 25x5cm |
sowing depth | needs light to germinate |
germination period | 8-14 days |
start indoors/sow in place outdoors | from mid march/may |
plant | mid to end may |
flowers | july to october |
location | full sun to partially shaded |
soil | nutritious, well drained soil, moist to dry, avoid water logging feucht bis trocken, keine Staunässe |
I prefer to start Coreopsis indoors around mid to end of march, for earlier flowers, and it also fits my gardening style. Which is to only loosely plan placement beforehand. That way I'm able to transplant them out into beds and to fill empty spots later in spring.
Once there is no more frost to be expected you can also sow the seeds directly into the ground. Press onto soil, don't cover densely, needs light to germinate.
Throughout summer I harvest the flowerheads every few days, and am rewarded with even more flowers. They can be used fresh for dyeing or dried. Leaves and stems can also be used for dyeing, try them for bundle dyeing!
Dyer's chamomile, Anthemis tinctoria
perennial | |
height | 70cm |
spacing | ca. 30x30cm |
sowing depth | needs light to germinate |
germination period | 14-21 days |
start indoors/sow in place outdoors | april to may/may to june |
plant | mid may |
flowers | june to october |
location | full sun |
soil | dry to slightly humid soil, moderately nutritious, well drained |
The Dyer's chamomileblooms abundantly once it is well established.
Flowers can be harvested on a regular basis, and the plant will grow new blooms until quite late in the year. I have even had a handful of flowers in the mid of january.
Make sure the soil is well drained. Dyer's chamomile can handle dry(er) soils better than too much water. It goes well in natural flower beds mixed with other perennials and some annuals. But I really love to plant them in between vegetables, or on the edge of beds. They do require a bit of space though, if they're doing well!
Dyes very beautiful yellow tones with aluminum mordants, albeit not the most lightfast ones. Steams and leaves can be used too, but colours are less bright in that case.
Dyer's marigold, Tagetes erecta
annual | |
height | 80cm |
spacing | ca. 30x30cm; if they have more space they can get bigger and bushier |
sowing depth | needs light to germinate |
germination period | 14-21 days |
start indoors/sow in place outdoors | from mid march to april |
plant | mid May |
flowers | july to october |
location | full sun to partially shaded |
soil | nutritious, well drained, humic, not too dry |
This variant of marigoldcan grow quite tall and bushy, and has big flowerheads. I like to start the plants inside and plant them out once there is no more danger of frost. They are a preferred snack for slugs, which can be problematic when sowing outdoors.
Choose a location that gets quite a bit of sun. In very hot and dry summers I make sure to mulch them weel. Loosen firm soils well.
Tagetes are often used for companion planting in the vegetable garden. Their roots can improve soil quality, and reduce nematodes.
Harvest flowers several times during summer. Flowerheads can be threaded and hung in a dry and shady place for drying.
Orange cosmos/Sulphur cosmos, Cosmos sulphureus
annual | |
height | 50cm |
spacing | ca. 25cm |
sowing depth | 0,5-1cm |
germination period | 7-21 days |
start indoors/sow in place outdoors | march to april/april |
plant | mid May |
flowers | july to october |
location | full sun to partially shaded |
soil | moderately moist and nutritious, well drained, avoid waterlogging |
The bright orange to yellow blooms of this Orange cosmos can be seen from july until the first frost. Keep harvesting the flowerheads every few days to encourage more blooms. That way the plants will become bushier during summer. Very attractive to pollinators.
Does well in full sun. Is supposedly quite drought resistant, but in my garden always does better when watered during heat waves.
Woad, Isatis tinctoria
biannual | |
height | inflorescence up to 120cm |
spacing | ca. 20x20cm |
sowing depth | 1-2cm, vorher einweichen oder kleine Samen aus Schoten holen |
germination period | 7-21 days |
Keimtemperatur | germinates at quite cool temperatures, but will germinate well at 20°C too |
start indoors/sow in place outdoors | march to may/march to june |
plant | mid May |
flowers | in second year |
location | full sun |
soil | well loosened and drained soil, nutritious, slightly calcareous Boden, nährstoffreich, kalkhaltig |
Usually woad forms a rosette of leaves in the 1st year, a high inflorescence is formed in the 2nd year. A single plant grows a multitude of seeds! Cut the flower stalks before seeding if you want to prevent any self sowing. Has a long taproot, so when grown in container make sure it is deep.
I like to sow woad in small pots in march, and always soak the seeds before planting to increase germination. I put the pots in a cool place indoors or even a protected corner in the garden. You can also sow them directly in the soil if your bed is already empty in march (mine rarely are).
Woad is a brassica, keep that in mind for crop rotation if you grow cabbage, kales or similar. To obtain indigo the leaves are best harvested in the first year.
Leaves can be harvested a few times during the growing season. Dye content is variable, harvesting after a few fully sunny days is recommended.
Weld, Reseda luteola
biannual | |
height | inflorescence up to 100cm |
spacing | ca. 30x30cm |
sowing depth | needs light to germinate |
germination period | 14-21 days |
start indoors/sow in place outdoors | March – April or end of August – September |
plant | may or september-october; young plants are not frost hardy |
flowers | in second year |
location | full sun |
soil | dry to moderately humid, moderately nutritious well drained and loosened rather calcareous |
Usually weld will grow a leaf rosette in the first year and only blooms in the second year. They're a biannual plant on paper but sometimes they form a flower stalk in year one, and others have also surprised me by growing again in year 3 and flowering once more. All aerial parts contain dye, harvesting is recommended shortly before the buds open.
When sowing outside make sure to not cover the seeds (need light to germinate). They grow quite slow in the beginning, and should never dry out in that early stage. I find it easier to start weld indoors.
Instead of spring they can also be sown in autumn. Just make sure the plants are well established before frost.
Sunflower Hopi Black Dye, Helianthus annuus
annual | |
height | 250cm and higher |
spacing | ca. 50cm |
sowing depth | 3-5cm |
germination period | 6-14 days |
start indoors/sow in place outdoors | mid to end april; mid may |
plant | may/after last frost |
flowers | july - october |
location | full sun |
soil | well loosened soil, avoid water logging nutritious, wind sheltered or gently bind to a support |
I usually start sunflowers indoors (about three weeks before the last frost) and transplant them into the garden after mid may. That is the only way I can save them from being eaten by slugs.
If that is not an issue in your garden, you can sow into the soil outdoors once the nights don't go below 0°.
These sunflowers will grow tall! They often have a gigantic main flower head and lots of smaller ones. I always tie them to a support.
Seeds can be harvested for dyeing once they stain your fingers when gently rubbing them. Leave some of the seeded flower heads to share with birds.
Dyer's knotweed, Polygonum tinctorum
annual | |
height | 50-70cm |
spacing | 2-5 plants en bloc, 30cm |
sowing depth | 0,5-1cm |
germination period | 14-28 days |
start indoors | end of march - april |
plant | may/after last frost |
flowers | Autumn |
location | full sun to partially shaded |
soil | Soil nutrient-rich, well-drained, humus-rich, fresh to moist |
I always start Dyer's knotweed indoors. I soak seeds over night, and then put 3-5 seeds in a pot. I also keep the pots rather warm until the seedlings appear. The seeds sometimes germinate very slowly. The germination power decreases a lot after a year: And may then improve if the seeds are frozen for a few weeks before sowing. Dyer's knotweed does well when it grows somewhat crowded in a group.
Only plant out when there is no danger of frost. Roots easily and can therefore be quickly propagated by cuttings.
Avoid waterlogging and dryness. Dyer's knotweed likes very sunny and moist conditions. It needs nutrient-rich, loose soil and should not be allowed to dry out completely.
Strong winds and sunburn sometimes damage the leaves, but the plants usually recover.
Pincushion scabiosa, Scabiosa atropurpurea
annual | |
height | 60-80cm |
spacing | 30 cm |
sowing depth | 0,5 cm |
germination period | 14-21 days |
start indoors | march - may |
plant | may/after last frost |
sow outside | may - june |
flowers | july - october |
location | full sun |
soil | Soil moderately nutrient-rich, well-drained, humus-rich, fresh, rather calcareous |
The Black scabiosa can be started indoors like coreopsis, or sown outside from may to june (or after last frost date).
Likewise, do not plant out plants until there is no danger of frost. Slowly acclimatize them to outdoor temperatures.
Avoid waterlogging and dryness, preferably choose a sunny location.
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